Bokhara Rugs – Bokhara (Bukhara, Bocara, Bokara) is located in Uzbekistan and the location of trading for Turkmen tribal carpets. Since that is the case, people usually categorize Turkmen rugs as a Bokhara design. A geometric motif or Guls (Persian for flower) woven on a red background is the pattern most associated with the Bokhara design.
Tabriz Rugs – Tabriz is located in Northwest Persia, a major weaving tradition dating back to the 15th century. It was at this time that weavers from Tabriz introduced the curvilinear design. The structure of a Tabriz rug is double wefted, the Turkish knot is dominant, and warps and wefts are of cotton. The design usually includes medallions, hunting patterns, prayer and pictorial rugs.
Kazak Rugs – Kazak (Kazakh, Kasak, Gazakh) is located in Northwest Azerbaijan. You can distinguish a Kazak rug by the design and weave. The weft is always red or brown while the warp is natural. The design usually includes a central medallion or multiple medallions.
Kashan Rugs – Kashan is located in central Iran (Persia), an important and famous center for carpet production. Kashan rugs are made with very high quality wool with fine weaving and beautiful colors and designs. They are among the finest Persian rugs. Typically Kashan rugs are woven on a cotton foundation, are double wefted, and have about 200 knots per square inch. Their primary design includes a diamond shaped medallion with pendants at top and bottom.
Sarouk Rugs – Sarouk is located in the Farahan region, central western Iran. Sarouk is famous for the production of floral rugs. Some typical background colors are burgundy or dark pink, and sometimes blue. The designs usually consist of a central medallion or patterns of detached floral sprays.
Ardebil Rugs – Ardebil is located in Azerbaijan, almost on the border between Europe and Asia, just above the Silk Road. Two famous rugs were made there; their homes are now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and the Hampton Court Palace in the city of Los Angeles. Turkish patterns and techniques are strong influences on what makes up an Ardabil rug. Typically there is a central medallion and 16 pendants on a field of swirling tracery. The colors are bright and made out of silk with the Turkish knot.
Bakhtiari Rugs – Bakhtiari, which roughly translates to “the lucky ones” is a nomadic group migrating in central and southwestern Persia. Smaller rugs are woven by the nomadic Bakhtiaris, while large carpets are woven by settled tribe people. A classic Bakhtiari pattern consists of a garden design of repeated squares or diamonds each of which encloses a tree or floral motif. These rugs are either single wefted on cotton foundation (made from settled tribe people) or double wefted on wool foundation (made from nomadic people).
Bidjar Rugs – Bidjar is located in northwestern Persia which is inhabited by a Kurdish population. Antique rugs were woven on wool foundation and had three wefts between every row of knots. This made the rugs extremely heavy, stiff and almost impossible to fold. Contemporary rugs are woven on a cotton foundation with a double weft. These rugs have unbelievable durability.
Hereke Rugs – Hereke is located in western Turkey, known for finely woven rugs having designs of classic Persian motifs with curvilinear lines. Silk is frequently used in making these rugs, along with wool.
Isaphan Rugs – Ispahan, a former Persian capital and one of the most famous cities in the production of Persian rugs is located in western Persia. The designs include intricate floral medallions or animal pictorial rugs.
Kerman Rugs – Kerman (Kirman) is located in southeastern Persia. It is well known for weaving some of the most beautiful and detailed rugs in the world. Kerman rugs can be identified by curvilinear patterns; some include a large medallion in the center, or a pictorial theme. Some common colors are richer shades of red, beige, orange, turquoise and blue with pastel shades of blue, pink yellow, ivory, and lime green as their floral border colors.
Mahal Rugs – Mahal is located in the Arak region. Typically these rugs have a medium weave and knot count, woven on cotton foundation, are double wefted and use the Persian knot.
Nain Rugs – Nain is located in central Persia. Many Nain rugs resemble Isfahan rugs, but their unique colors differentiate them. Common colors of these rugs are blue and beige with white silk outlinings, along with light brown, and gray with occasional fields of red, orange, yellow and green. Nain rugs usually have a very detailed curvilinear pattern of flowers and an arabesque style with forked leaves, or an animal motif. A motif called Islimi made up of star medallions, is also seen frequently. Nain rugs are usually made with wool and silk with a cotton or silk foundation.
Oushak Rugs – Oushak (Usak, Ushak) is located in west central Anatolia, about 100 miles south of Istanbul in Turkey. Oushak has been a production center of Turkish rugs since the 15th century. Typically they are made from 100% wool and of very high quality.
Qum Rugs – Qum is located in northwest central Persia. Qum is famous for very finely knotted rugs. Typical designs include floral medallions, all over designs, trees of life, botehs, and compartment designs. Qum rugs are usually made of silk and woven with an average knot count of 300 asymmetrical knots per square inch.
Sultanabad Rugs – Sultanabad is located northwest of Persia. Typical designs include bold floral designs, wide borders, and all over large scale lattice vine patterns. Colors include dark red, blue, soft green, gold, and ivory. Sultanabad rugs are made with cotton warp, wefts, and foundation, and the pile is wool.
Aubusson Rugs – Aubusson is a term used to describe modern rugs that use similar designs and colors. These rugs are fine flat carpets woven in France.
Savonnerie Rugs – Savonnerie rugs are made in France. The designs included floral arrangements, military and heraldic references and architectural motifs. Warps were made out of linen and the woolen pile was woven using the symmetrical knots.
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